The core of the thesis focuses on the design of a Single Plane Illumination Microscope in order to record the neuronal activity of a zebrafish larvae. We aim at recording the whole chain of transmission from the sensor to the brain. The fish are genetically modified to express the GCaMP3 calcium indicator in each of their neurons. With the SPIM, where the excitation light comes from the side of the specimen in the shape of a lightsheet and the observation is made from the top at a 90 degrees angle, we can increase the frame rate and the size of the field of view simultaneously, compared to usual techniques (confocal or 2-photons microscopes). These improvements are used to study the correlations between signals from neurons distributed all over the larva’s brain, and discover the underlying networks.